Integer + imbalance
To write the number 2019 you can open a single box and extract the digits 2, 0, 1, and 9.
We call the imbalance of 2019 the number of unused digit in the opened box(es). So writing 2019 leaves an imbalance of 6 (the 6 unused digits in the box).
If we want to write 2020 we must open two boxes - and leave behind 8 digits in the first box and 8 digits in the second one. This produces for 2020 an imbalance of 16.
In the same spirit, writing 2021 would leave a total imbalance of 16 digits – as we will use 3 digits from box #1 (leaving 7 behind), and 1 digit only from box #2 (leaving 9 behind: 7+9=16).
We now associate to every integer n its personal imbalance IM(n):
n = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22...
IM = 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 18 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 18...
(this is now https://oeis.org/A332550 thanks to Neil Sloane; Neil has corrected the text that opens this page – many thanks to him!-)
The sequence S starting with zero extends itself mechanically if we follow the rule:
a(n) + IMa(n) = a(n+1):
S = 0, 9, 18, 26, 34, 42, 50, 58, 66, 84, 92, 100, 117, 134, 141, 158, 165, 172, 179, 186, 193, 200, 217,....
Check:
a(n) IMa(n) a(n+1)
0 + 9 = 9
9 + 9 = 18
18 + 8 = 26
26 + 8 = 34
34 + 8 = 42
42 + 8 = 50
50 + 8 = 58
58 + 8 = 66
66 + 18 = 84
84 + 8 = 92
92 + 8 = 100
100 + 17 = 117
117 + 17 = 134
134 + 7 = 141
141 + 17 = 158
158 + 7 = 165
165 + 7 = 172
172 + 7 = 179
179 + 7 = 186
186 + 7 = 193
193 + 7 = 200
200 + 17 = 217, etc.
The leftmost column is S – which is now https://oeis.org/A332551, thanks to Neil Sloane again.
Question: is S infinite?
Note that if S encounters a 10-digit pandigital number (see A050278), S will get stuck there. Such pandigital d numbers are indeed fixed points as IM(d) = 0.
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Update, 21st Feb.
The above question was sent to Math-Fun yesterday – and Tom Duff was quick to answer:
> At step 65,577,856 we reach 1,023,456,798, whose IM is zero, and the sequence is constant thereafter.
Thank you Tom, and bravo!
End of the story?
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